CMS Data Analysis School Pre-Exercises - Fifth Set

Introduction

The color scheme of the Exercise is as follows:

GRAY background for the commands to execute  (cut&paste)

GREEN background for the output sample of the executed commands

 Explicit exercises and questions addressed to the student will be written in RED 

As a prerequisite for this exercise, please make sure that you have correctly followed the instructions for obtaining a GitHub account in the first exercise: SWGuideCMSDataAnalysisSchoolPreExerciseFirstSet#Obtain_a_github_account

Post the answers in the online response form available from the course web area:

• • CMSDAS@LPC2018 pre-exercises indico page with submit form links

• LPC contact CMSDASATLPC@fnal.gov for CMSDAS@LPC2018

• Alternately for CMSDAS@LPC2018: Join the !CMSDAS@LPC2018 Mattermost team: https://mattermost.web.cern.ch/signup_user_complete/?id=5tnsnpi7rjdj3d85zeh5i6573c
  • Mattermost PreExercises Chat channel using CERN login: https://mattermost.web.cern.ch/cmsdaslpc2018/channels/pre_exercises

Goal of the exercise

This exercise is intended to provide you with basic familiarity with Git and GitHub for personal and collaborative use, including terminology, commands, and user interfaces. The exercise proceeds step-by-step through a standard collaboration "Fork and Pull" workflow. This is a highly condensed version of the tutorial exercises at CMSGitTutorial. Students are encouraged to explore those more in-depth exercises if they want to learn more about using Git. There are also accompanying slides on that twiki page. Students with no experience using Git or other version control software are recommended to read at least the first set of slides.

Exercise 20 - Learning Git and GitHub

Git configuration

Set up your .gitconfig on your local machine or cmslpc:

git config --global user.name [Name]
git config --global user.email [Email]
git config --global user.github [Account]

After this, you can check the contents of .gitconfig:

cat ~/.gitconfig

Output Hide output

[user]
        name = [Name]
        email = [Email]
        github = [Account]

Optional settings:

git config --global core.editor [your preferred text editor]
git config --global push.default current
git config --global alias.lol 'log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit'

The second setting makes Git push the current branch by default, so only the command git push origin is needed. (NOTE: do not try to execute that command now; it will not work without a local repository, which you have not created yet.)

GitHub User Interface

Look carefully at the GitHub user interface on the repository page. Click on various tabs.

Top left row: Issues, Pull Requests, Wiki, Pulse, Graphs, Settings

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Settings: Options, Collaborators, Branches

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Top right row: Notifications, Star, Fork

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Lower row on Code page: commits, branches, releases, contributors

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Collaboration on GitHub

Fork the repository https://github.com/GitHATSLPC/GitHATS by clicking "Fork" at the top right corner of the page.

This makes a copy of the repository under your GitHub account.

Clone your fork of the repository to a scratch directory on your local machine or cmslpc:

mkdir scratch
git clone git@github.com:[user]/GitHATS.git

Output Hide output

Cloning into 'GitHATS'...
Enter passphrase for key '/home/------/.ssh/id_rsa': 
X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
remote: Counting objects: 21, done.
remote: Total 21 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 21
Receiving objects: 100% (21/21), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5/5), done.
Checking connectivity... done.

What does the ls command show?

cd GitHATS
ls -a

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.  ..  .git  README.md  standard_model.md

The .git folder contains a full local copy of the repository.

Inspect the .git directory.

ls .git

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config  description  HEAD  hooks  index  info  logs  objects  packed-refs  refs

When you use git clone as we did above, it starts your working area on the default branch for the repository. In this case, that branch is master. (The default branch for a repo can be changed in the "Branches" section of the GitHub settings page, which you explored in the previous step.)

Inspect the branches of the repository.

git branch -a

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* master
  remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master
  remotes/origin/atlas_discovery
  remotes/origin/cms_discovery
  remotes/origin/dune_discovery
  remotes/origin/master

Adding remotes and synchronizing

Look at your remote(s):

git remote

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origin

git remote -v

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origin  git@github.com:[user]/GitHATS.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:[user]/GitHATS.git (push)

The "origin" remote is set by default when you use git clone. Because your repository is a fork, you also want to have a remote that points to the original repo, traditionally called "upstream".

Add the upstream remote and inspect the result:

git remote add upstream git@github.com:GitHATSLPC/GitHATS.git
git remote -v

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origin  git@github.com:[user]/GitHATS.git (fetch)
origin  git@github.com:[user]/GitHATS.git (push)
upstream        git@github.com:GitHATSLPC/GitHATS.git (fetch)
upstream        git@github.com:GitHATSLPC/GitHATS.git (push)

Before you make edits to your local repo, you should make sure that your fork is up to date with the main repo. (Someone else might have made some updates in the meantime.)

Check for changes in upstream:

git pull upstream master

Output Hide output

X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
From github.com:GitHATSLPC/GitHATS
 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
 * [new branch]      master     -> upstream/master
Already up-to-date.

Note: git pull upstream master is equivalent to the following two commands:

git fetch upstream master
git merge upstream/master

If you pulled any changes from the upstream repository, you should push them back to origin. (Even if you didn't, you can still practice pushing; nothing will happen.)

Push your local master branch back to your remote fork:

git push origin master

Output Hide output

X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
Everything up-to-date

Making edits and committing

When collaborating with other developers on GitHub, it is best to make a separate topic branch to store any changes you want to submit to the main repo. This way, you can keep the default branch in your fork synchronized with upstream, and then make another topic branch when you want to make more changes.

Make a topic branch:

git checkout -b MyBranch

Edit the table standard_model.md to add a new particle. The new particle is called a Giton, with symbol G, spin 2, charge 0, and mass 750 GeV.

Note: any resemblance to any other real or imaginary particles is entirely coincidental.

Once you have made changes in your working area, you have to stage the changes and then commit them. First, you can inspect the status of your working area.

Try the following commands to show the status:

git status

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On branch MyBranch
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   standard_model.md

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

git status -s

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 M standard_model.md

git diff

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diff --git a/standard_model.md b/standard_model.md
index 607b7b6..68f37ad 100644
--- a/standard_model.md
+++ b/standard_model.md
@@ -18,4 +18,5 @@ The Standard Model of Particle Physics
 | Z boson       | Z      | 1    | 0       | 91.2                    |
 | W boson       | W      | 1    | ±1      | 80.4                    |
 | gluon         | g      | 1    | 0       | 0                       |
-| Higgs boson   | H      | 0    | 0       | 125                     |
\ No newline at end of file
+| Higgs boson   | H      | 0    | 0       | 125                     |
+| Giton         | G      | 2    | 0       | 750                     |

Now stage your change, and check the status:

git add standard_model.md
git status -s

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M  standard_model.md

Commit your change:

git commit -m "add Giton to standard model"

Output Hide output

[MyBranch b9bc2ce] add Giton to standard model
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

Push your topic branch, which now includes the new commit you just made, to origin:

git push origin MyBranch

Output Hide output

X11 forwarding request failed on channel 0
Counting objects: 3, done.
Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 351 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), completed with 1 local objects.
To git@github.com:kpedro88/GitHATS.git
 * [new branch]      MyBranch -> MyBranch

Making a pull request

Now that you have made your change, you can submit it for inclusion in the central repository.

When you open the page to send a pull request on GitHub, you will notice that you can send a pull request to any fork of the repo (and any branch).

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Send a pull request to the master branch of the upstream repo (GitHATSLPC).

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For CMSDAS@LPC2018 please submit your answer at the Google Form fifth set.

Question 20.1: Post the link to your pull request.

Optional: if you want to practice merging a pull request, you can send a pull request from your branch MyBranch to your own master branch.

Advanced topics

Advanced topics not explored in this exercise include: merging, rebasing, cherry-picking, undoing, removing binary files, and CMSSW-specific commands and usage.

Students are encouraged to explore these topics on their own at CMSGitTutorial.

Link to SWGuideCMSDataAnalysisSchoolPreExerciseFirstSet

Link to SWGuideCMSDataAnalysisSchoolPreExerciseSecondSet

Link to SWGuideCMSDataAnalysisSchoolPreExerciseThirdSet

Link to SWGuideCMSDataAnalysisSchoolPreExerciseFourthSet

Link to SWGuideCMSDataAnalysisSchoolPreExerciseSixthSet

-- KevinPedro - 2016-12-05

-- Sudhir Malik - 2017-12-15

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